ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica do extrato aquoso de folhas de "bardana" [Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.], por meio da determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) sobre diferentes espécies e linhagens do gênero Candida. Foram incluídas no trabalho as espécies de Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. stellatoidea, C. dubliniensis e C. krusei. Utilizaram-se quatro linhagens de C. albicans e três de C.tropicalis, enquanto que para as demais espécies, apenas uma linhagem foi testada. Estas leveduras foram utilizadas no estudo devido à importância e frequência na cavidade bucal. As leveduras foram submetidas a tratamentos com concentrações do extrato aquoso que variaram de 0,09 a 25 mg mL-1. Os resultados indicaram que concentrações inferiores a 12,5 mg mL-1 não são suficientes para apresentar efeito fungistático ou fungicida. A concentração de 12,5 mg mL-1 apresentou efeito fungistático sobre a maioria das linhagens e espécies testadas (C. albicans 04A e ATCC44858; C. tropicalis 23600 e 23651; C. glabrata; C. stellatoideia; C. dubliniensis e C. krusei). Entretanto, efeito fungicida foi observado apenas sobre a espécie C. krusei (CFM=12,5 mg mL-1). Comportamento diferenciado foi observado entre diferentes linhagens de uma espécie (para C. albicans e C. tropicalis). Assim, a ação antifúngica do extrato aquoso de A. minus (Hill) Bernh. provavelmente está associada à variabilidade genética existente entre as diferentes linhagens de uma mesma espécie e das diferentes espécies, sendo que concentrações inferiores a 12,5 mg mL-1 não apresentaram efeito sobre as leveduras testadas. Com base na metodologia empregada e dentro das limitações deste estudo, conclui-se que o extrato aquoso de A. minus revelou efeito antifúngico, principalmente fungistático, contra espécies de Candida orais. Porém, novos estudos são necessários para avaliar o seu real potencial antifúngico dentro do meio bucal.
This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from leaves of burdock [Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.] by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) on different species and strains of Candida genus. The species Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. stellatoidea, C. dubliniensis, and C. Krusei were included in this study. Four C. albicans and three C. tropicalis strains were used, whereas only one strain of each remaining species was tested. Such yeasts were used in this study due to their importance and frequency in the oral cavity. The yeasts were subjected to treatments with aqueous extract concentrations that ranged from 0.09 to 25 mg mL-1. Concentrations lower than 12.5 mg mL-1 were not enough to present fungicidal or fungistatic effect. The concentration of 12.5 mg mL-1 had fungistatic effect on most tested strains and species (C. albicans 04A and ATCC44858; C. tropicalis 23600 and 23651; C. glabrata; C. stellatoideia; C. dubliniensis; and C. krusei). However, fungicidal effect was only observed on the species C. krusei (MFC=12.5 mg mL-1). A distinct performance was observed among different strains from the same species (for C. albicans and C. tropicalis). Thus, the antifungal action of A. minus (Hill) Bernh. aqueous extract is probably associated with the genetic variability present among the different strains of one same species and among different species; besides, concentrations lower than 12,5 mg mL-1 did not have an effect on the tested yeasts. The adopted methodology and considering the limitations of this study led to the conclusion that the aqueous extract of A. minus presented antifungal effect, mainly fungistatic, against oral Candida species. However, new studies are needed to evaluate its real antifungal potential inside the oral environment.
Subject(s)
Suspensions , Antifungal Agents/analysis , Arctium/immunology , Asteraceae/microbiology , Candida , Plant Extracts , Mouthwashes , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Plants, Medicinal/immunologyABSTRACT
Group C rotaviruses are fastidious in their in vitro cell culture requirements. Recent serosurveys indicate that antibody to group C rotavirus is present in 3-45 per cent of the human population in certain geographic locations, suggesting that rotavirus group C infection is more prevalent than previously believed and that the low rate of detection of these agents is probably due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic assays. From March to December 1994, 406 fecal specimens were collected from children under five years of age who were outpatients at the emergency services of nine public hospitals in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. In addition to the samples from children, one public outpatient unit requested virological investigation of a stool sample from an HIV-seropositive adult male with diarrhea of sudden onset. All samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay for group A rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA) and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). One hundred and seven (26 per cent) were positive for group A rotavirus. Four samples from children and the sample from the HIV-seropositive patient, although negative by EIARA, showed a group C rotavirus profile by PAGE and were positive for rotavirus by electron microscopy. Using specific VP6 and VP7 primers for group C rotavirus, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed and products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. These products were confirmed to be specific for group C rotavirus by using digoxigenin-oligonucleotide probes, Southern hybridization and chemiluminescent detection. The five positive group C rotavirus samples were detected in August (3 samples) and September (2 samples). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of group C rotavirus detected in the Federal District, Brazil and in an HIV-seropositive patient with acute gastroenteritis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Male , Adult , Diarrhea, Infantile/virology , Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Brazil , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , HIV , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Sao apresentados 19 pacientes portadores de hamartomas do pulmao,operados na Disciplina de Cirurgia Toracica do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, no periodo de abril de 1961 a fevereiro de 1980. Sao analisados os aspectos clinicos, cirurgicos e anatomopatologicos desses casos e e feita uma correlacao com os dados obtidos na literatura